Davis values

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  • geepster775
    2500 Post Veteran


    • Sep 2006
    • 2846
    • .
    • General

    #1

    Davis values

    Having noted how the last few releases from Trainsimulations (Mullan Pass, Rock Island) have reverted to MSTS physics instead of using Davis values (ORTS Selgman, Ruel, Milw) I wanted to see what the actual difference between the two sets of figures were demonstrating. A little bit of testing on flat level track shows how the Davis numbers were making the cars a bit too 'sticky' when stationary, requiring much more power to simply get them rolling.

    I created two 90 car trains of 286k covered hoppers (about 12,500 US tons) and attached a single SD40-2. The brown BNSF cars are from Seligman 2 route and have Davis values. The identical gray CEFX cars are from Mullan route and have MSTS Friction values. The only editing done to wag files was to reduce the mass for the seligman car to match that of the mullan car.

    With a solid train of Davis values, I could not get the train moving with the single SD40-2. Only after I reduced the train length to 1/2 the original size (down to 45 cars) while the engine sat there in Run 8 did the train finally begin to crawl forward. Once it did get the train rolling, it got out of the red zone faster on account of the shorter consist.



    Compare to the CEFX consist that utilizes MSTS friction values. The lone SD40-2 was capable of getting the entire 90 car train moving.



    I can understand how the real world train weights, the 'doubles', and helper assignments found in mountainous western US railroading would have been very hard to replicate successfully when using the stickier Davis values. Even in eastern railroading, how many years did Conrail dispatch 110 car coal trains between Altoona and Harrisburg with only 2 older SD40 types for power? I'm sure at some point engine failure would have resulted in only one SD40 bringing the train home to the end terminal.

    Sometimes we get a little too involved in the math that we really don't see how our end result fails at actually mirroring real world conditions.
    My Open Rails videos https://www.youtube.com/@lakecities3663/videos
  • R. Steele
    3500 Post Veteran

    • Feb 2013
    • 3928
    • known universe
    • ORTS

    #2
    Interesting, but will withhold comment until I see all the Davis information, the values, and how they were calculated. Care to provide them?
    Providing consist info would also be helpful, to duplicate your results. You may, or may not have a point. Regards, Gerry
    Cheers, Gerry
    "A mind is like a parachute. It doesn't work if it is not open." Frank Zappa
    It's my railroad and I'll do what I want! Historically accurate attitude of US Railroad Barons.
    Forever, ridin' drag in railroad knowledge.
    Audi, Vide, Tace, Si Vis Vivere In Pace​

    https://www.trainsim.com/forums/filedata/fetch?filedataid=79656&type=medium​ https://www.trainsim.com/forums/filedata/fetch?filedataid=79654&type=small

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    • lateagain
      2500 Post Veteran
      • Jul 2004
      • 2727
      • Wareham, Dorset, U.K.

      #3
      Originally posted by geepster775
      Sometimes we get a little too involved in the math that we really don't see how our end result fails at actually mirroring real world conditions.
      Well said Geepster! WAY TOO often do the theorists force their opinions on technical hobbies, apparently blind to the realities around them. Those of my generation when HiFi was all the rage will remember scornful reviews of equipment for failing to measure up on instruments to the "so called" best buys. Quite often the differences could ONLY be observed on instruments because they were way beyond even the very best human hearing

      Differences between the Sim's physics models aside I've often looked at the many books in my Railroad library and looked at pictures of loco's back in the 70's where two loco's were obviously managing trains so long they disappeared from the camera's viewpoint. I always thought "I bet the Sim couldn't replicate THAT".

      Maybe it's been the obsession with building routes with extreme gradients? Nearly ALL payware routes have been guilty of this from Kicking Horse Pass onwards. There's no doubt that grades and twisting valley runs are a challenging drive but in reality what % mileage of North American track is through these?

      I've just downloaded the latest version of the SAL route (mentioned recently in the forums) and whizzing along speeded up in OR it to see how good the scenery was and what the route went through I was immediately struck by how much of the Rail in almost flat Florida was actually straight as a die.

      I think you may have hit a few nerves with this post ...but I'm no physics authority so I'll just sit back and watch them justify why the "advanced" physics are simply not realistic.

      Don't even get me started on braking because that's one aspect that is WAY OUT in nearly all physics models.
      Geoff
      Dorset - near The Swanage Railway.
      UK

      Comment

      • ragtimer
        2000 Post Veteran
        • May 2005
        • 2009
        • Stalinist,broke United Kingdom (Hey buddy,can you spare �1.3 trillion?))

        #4
        I can comment only on MSTS,but most models brake force values are far too low.

        Comment

        • R. Steele
          3500 Post Veteran

          • Feb 2013
          • 3928
          • known universe
          • ORTS

          #5
          Originally posted by lateagain
          Well said Geepster!...and
          I think you may have hit a few nerves with this post ...but I'm no physics authority so I'll just sit back and watch them justify why the "advanced" physics are simply not realistic.
          Yep, I always read geepster posts because I respect the member's experience and opinion. I am only asking for work product so I can set up and perform exactly the same tests...this is about replicating ( and therefore verifying ) the results he got. My initial reaction is that the interpretation geepster provided is correct...I just want to investigate for myself.

          Contact me by PM Geepster, thanks for the observations, somewhat aligns with some things I've seen. -- maybe there is something else going on.

          Geoff, I also enjoy your efforts to get everyone's "socks in a knot"...you gotta get your entertainment where you can find it.
          Cheers, Gerry
          "A mind is like a parachute. It doesn't work if it is not open." Frank Zappa
          It's my railroad and I'll do what I want! Historically accurate attitude of US Railroad Barons.
          Forever, ridin' drag in railroad knowledge.
          Audi, Vide, Tace, Si Vis Vivere In Pace​

          https://www.trainsim.com/forums/filedata/fetch?filedataid=79656&type=medium​ https://www.trainsim.com/forums/filedata/fetch?filedataid=79654&type=small

          Comment

          • lateagain
            2500 Post Veteran
            • Jul 2004
            • 2727
            • Wareham, Dorset, U.K.

            #6
            Originally posted by R. Steele
            Geoff, I also enjoy your efforts to get everyone's "socks in a knot"...you gotta get your entertainment where you can find it.
            I never have to put ANY effort in Gerry.... many of life's "experts" find it hard to be open minded ...and that's in any walk of life.

            ...and the braking was not a wind up. Most braking is totally unrealistic on far too many models.
            Geoff
            Dorset - near The Swanage Railway.
            UK

            Comment

            • R. Steele
              3500 Post Veteran

              • Feb 2013
              • 3928
              • known universe
              • ORTS

              #7
              Originally posted by lateagain
              ...and the braking was not a wind up. Most braking is totally unrealistic on far too many models.
              Oh, quite agree there, have you had the opportunity to get a copy of Joe Realmuto's pdf on "Guideline For Setting Open Rails Braking Parameters (Including Blended Braking)"?
              Cheers, Gerry
              "A mind is like a parachute. It doesn't work if it is not open." Frank Zappa
              It's my railroad and I'll do what I want! Historically accurate attitude of US Railroad Barons.
              Forever, ridin' drag in railroad knowledge.
              Audi, Vide, Tace, Si Vis Vivere In Pace​

              https://www.trainsim.com/forums/filedata/fetch?filedataid=79656&type=medium​ https://www.trainsim.com/forums/filedata/fetch?filedataid=79654&type=small

              Comment

              • derekmorton
                5500 Post Veteran



                • Nov 1999
                • 5699
                • Eltham, Victoria, Australia.
                • ORTS

                #8
                I have a vague memory that the Davis figures does not get the 0-5kmh friction correct, I am sure it has been discussed before.
                When I find it, I will post here.

                found it


                My loaded 45 ton coal wagon shows a standing resistance of 971N using the standard friction of 492.2N/m/s in the wag file.
                When using the ORTSDavis friction parameters for ORTSDavis_A ( 492.23 ). The standing resistance is 2073N.
                I cannot seem to adjust the standing resistance using the ORTS davis parameters.
                Does anyone know which of the two standing resistance above, is correct for a 2-axle 45t coal wagon ?

                Thanks


                Posted 08 July 2018 - 06:12 AM

                The problem is neither Kuju's friction formula or any of the Davis formulas compute resistance under 5mph -- the values shoot up as speed drops under 5mph. 492.2N/m/s in friction looks very light to me. What were all the values of friction beforehand? Keep in mind that just because somebody put values into Friction() before sending the file to you doesn't mean they're anywhere outside of complete fantasy. For many years I've used a spreadsheet to graph the difference between friction and the Davis curve and checked many downloaded .wags... some of the friction stuff has been outright bizarre.

                My recollection of both formulas is the KUJU resistance values get real hinky when you move the Vel2 value of friction above 5 and/or the value of Exp1 above 2.65... you get these big sawtooth spikes in the calculated curve in the first 5-6 mph. Drop either con1 or Exp1 too low and the bottom drops out such that your grandmother could move the whole train on her own.

                So w/o seeing all of your data I'm inclined to trust fcalc2 more than Kuju. Perhaps you should revisit it just on the chance a keystroke was in error. Or give me the old friction values and I'll tell you if they were reasonable.
                Dave Nelson


                Posted 08 July 2018 - 11:15 AM

                The resistance friction figures are taken from the Fcalc2 program! For a 2 axle 45 ton hopper wagon, Fcalc2 and with the Davis A formula both give 492.

                Without the Davis parameters, OR reports the standing friction as 971N. With the Davis parameter, the standing resistance is 2073N.

                All my trainset use Fcalc2 with the required parameters. Only the Davis C and last entry on the kuju friction parameters are adjusted for wind resistance at high speed.



                There are other in depth discussions about friction over at elvas tower.
                Last edited by derekmorton; 09-19-2020, 22:49.

                Comment

                • steamer_ctn
                  Member
                  • May 2010
                  • 87

                  #9
                  Originally posted by geepster775
                  Having noted how the last few releases from Trainsimulations (Mullan Pass, Rock Island) have reverted to MSTS physics instead of using Davis values.
                  In testing with the creator of Mullan Pass, I believe that we were able to achieve realistic operation with the Davis values (including the starting resistance) against real life tonnage ratings.

                  This was after some changes were made to how power was calculated in the diesel model for OR. These changes are now in the current unstable version. (If you want to read some of the background, as well as the testing that was done supporting it, see this thread - Diesel Locomotive Performance ).

                  My understanding of the main reason that Mullan Pass opted for the MSTS values was because they wanted to use the latest STABLE version of OR, and not take a risk that users were using an earlier version of OR without the relevant changes in place. Hence it gave them a "stable" platform to work with, and reduced any potential user problems.

                  Comment

                  • dcarleton
                    1000 Post Veteran


                    • Nov 2008
                    • 1004
                    • MSOR

                    #10
                    Please do tell -
                    Some of us have just spent months creating OR folders with OR eng and wag files that use Davis values, with the eng files also referencing the set of inc files created by Jerry Storey. Are we going to have to revise all that?

                    Comment

                    • R. Steele
                      3500 Post Veteran

                      • Feb 2013
                      • 3928
                      • known universe
                      • ORTS

                      #11
                      Originally posted by dcarleton
                      Please do tell -
                      Some of us have just spent months creating OR folders with OR eng and wag files that use Davis values, with the eng files also referencing the set of inc files created by Jerry Storey. Are we going to have to revise all that?
                      AFAIK the "changes were made to how power was calculated in the diesel model for OR" mentioned by Steamer_ctn are "behind the scenes"..they do not affect how the OR diesel engine definition is used.
                      All the data in those files --- [VER2 Standard ORTS Diesel Engine] --- should still be applicable.

                      If Peter visits this thread again, perhaps he can affirm or correct this statement?... or some other OR Developer team member?

                      https://www.trainsim.com/vbts/showth...NG-FILES-ver-2
                      Last edited by R. Steele; 09-22-2020, 14:29.
                      Cheers, Gerry
                      "A mind is like a parachute. It doesn't work if it is not open." Frank Zappa
                      It's my railroad and I'll do what I want! Historically accurate attitude of US Railroad Barons.
                      Forever, ridin' drag in railroad knowledge.
                      Audi, Vide, Tace, Si Vis Vivere In Pace​

                      https://www.trainsim.com/forums/filedata/fetch?filedataid=79656&type=medium​ https://www.trainsim.com/forums/filedata/fetch?filedataid=79654&type=small

                      Comment

                      • steamer_ctn
                        Member
                        • May 2010
                        • 87

                        #12
                        Originally posted by R. Steele
                        If Peter visits this thread again, perhaps he can affirm or correct this statement?... or some other OR Developer team member?
                        Gerry is correct that the changes were in the back end of OR.

                        The rest is up to ensuring that input data is correct for each locomotive, etc.

                        The point that I was making is that provided good quality information is available, it is possible to match the real life scenario reasonably closely.

                        Comment

                        • muskokaandtahoe
                          3000 Post Veteran

                          • Apr 2003
                          • 3003
                          • Silicon Valley, CA, USA.
                          • ORTS

                          #13
                          Keep in mind the Davis formula doesn't apply to speeds under 5mph. Never has.

                          Another issue is that FCalc ISN"T the Davis formula... it's slightly tweeked to put it a bit closer to KUJU's Friction() values. Typically you can get numbers out of FCalc that are with 1 to 1.5% of the Davis formula but in the low speed range it's off by twice that. FCalc's numbers subtracted from straight Davis calculations s, will produce a horizontal S curve... a bit higher at slower speeds, definitely lower at higher speeds (often a lot lower). I don't use FCalc; I have the Davis formulas in a spreadsheet and I calculate the data for .wags there.

                          Last thought is I never assume any values offered up in any .wag file I've downloaded have any basis in reality. Every car I put into running condition will have most of it's parametric values replaced (late steam era only).
                          Dave Nelson
                          sigpic
                          Seldom visiting, posting less often that that.

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                          • R. Steele
                            3500 Post Veteran

                            • Feb 2013
                            • 3928
                            • known universe
                            • ORTS

                            #14
                            ...and I was aware of that limitation of FCalc2 when I choose it to calculate the Davis values for all the OR conversions I've released. I thought most people could get FCalc2 and very few would have access to a true Davis calculator. By the way, on another subject, the CurtiusKnuiffler numbers that are in the Standard Engine files are from a Joe Realmuto's CurtiusKniffler calculator, permission given to include them with the appropriate OR engine definitions.

                            I've been slowly changing my FCalc2 Davis values over, most of the time I do not notice any difference...anyway, the detail to remember is to check all your stock's values -- as Dave suggests, and to use good quality data as Peter suggests. Do those two things and you'll get better performance from OR.
                            Cheers, Gerry
                            "A mind is like a parachute. It doesn't work if it is not open." Frank Zappa
                            It's my railroad and I'll do what I want! Historically accurate attitude of US Railroad Barons.
                            Forever, ridin' drag in railroad knowledge.
                            Audi, Vide, Tace, Si Vis Vivere In Pace​

                            https://www.trainsim.com/forums/filedata/fetch?filedataid=79656&type=medium​ https://www.trainsim.com/forums/filedata/fetch?filedataid=79654&type=small

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                            • muskokaandtahoe
                              3000 Post Veteran

                              • Apr 2003
                              • 3003
                              • Silicon Valley, CA, USA.
                              • ORTS

                              #15
                              Gerry, IIRC there are three distinct versions, each ties to a date. The original is something like 1926, the next was, IIRC 1970 and the third was a few years after that. And of course there are variations in each for different types of cars or wheel bearings.

                              The formulas I used were found on (Austrailian) Peter's Coals site and I plugged them into excel along with a bunch of other variations so it would produce a .wag file. I believe I sent you a copy. If you still have it then you can ferret out the 1920's formulas.
                              Dave Nelson
                              sigpic
                              Seldom visiting, posting less often that that.

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